Fiber Optics: Inoshanda sei, uye chii chinoshandiswa? Uye zvimwe

Telecommunication kana kutaurirana ari madaro zvinogoneka nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekufambisa dziripo. Pakati peavo, imwe yeakavimbika ndeyeFibre Optic. Dzidza kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi, KUSHANDISA KUNO FIBER OPTIC KUSHANDA izvo zvinokutendera kuti ushandise internet uye zvimwe zvakawanda mabhenefiti mumba mako nehofisi.

Optical faibha

Optical fiber ndeye inochinjika filament inowanzo gadzirwa nesilicon, kunyange paine zvakare oparesheni tambo dzakagadzirwa nepurasitiki. Icho chinhu chisina kusimba, chine dhayamita rakada kuita senge tambo yebvudzi. Zviri pachena, kugona kupfuudza mwenje pasina kuwanda kweimwe vara rinokanganisa mamwe.

Fiber optics yakabuda seinogona kutsiva coaxial tambo. Kunge tambo yemhangura, fiber inoshandiswa kuendesa dhata pakati pemakona ayo maviri, ichishandisa mwenje senzira yekufambisa.

Nhasi, fiber optics ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dzekutaurirana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ruzivo rwunogona kufamba nzendo refu pasina kuda akawanda, kana pamwe pasina ma amplifaya kuitira kuti chiratidzo chisarasike. Iyo zvakare ine bandwidth kana dhata kumhanya kupfuura tambo dzemhangura.

Pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero nei fiber optics inoshandiswa kutsiva tambo yemhangura ndeyekuti kune kushomeka kwekudzikisira kwechiratidzo pamakiromita ekufamba. Uye imwe yemabhenefiti ayo ndeyekuti fiber optics haidzivirirwe nemagetsi emagetsi, saka zvisingaite kutyora chengetedzo.

Saizvozvo, zvakajairika kuwana fiber optics yekuvhenekesa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti izvozvi parizvino kuri kuburikidza nefayibha iyo yave ichikwanisa kupa mwenje wepamusoro-soro wemhando dzese dzekupa mwenje wekugadzira.

Maumbirwo eiyo fiber fiber inoumbwa neiyo musimboti, inova iyo fiber pachayo panofamba ruzivo. Iyo yepakati yakafukidzwa nekupfeka, iyo inozivikanwa nekuve neyezasi yekuratidzira indekisi kupfuura yepakati. Izvi zvinoitwa nechinangwa chekudzivirira danda rechiedza rinofamba munyukireya kubva kurisiya uye kurasikirwa neruzivo, ndiko kuti, inzira yekuvharidzira ruzivo irwo mudenga uchishandisa chiitiko chekuratidzira.

Shure kwaizvozvo, iyo lining yakakomberedzwa nejasi, uye iri jasi reKevlar. Uye pakupedzisira, hood, kazhinji yero kana orenji, iyo inoratidza iyo mhando ye fiber. Ose anoshanda kupa iyo fiber dziviriro uye kuomarara kuomarara, nekuti zvikasadaro iyo fiber ingave yakanyanyisa kupwanya, kunyangwe yakatopfuura zvayakatove.

Mukati meiyo fiber faibha, inopfuura mwenje mumwe wechiedza unogona kutumirwa, nekuti kune nzira dzakasiyana kana nzira dzinogona kuzviita. Rudzi urwu rwefiber fiber inonzi multimode, uye zita rayo rinouya kubva kune iro rine akawanda mamodheru ekutumira iwo mwenje matanda panguva imwe chete. Panzvimbo iyoyo, imwe-modhi fiber inoshandisa imwe chete nzira yekufambisa chiyedza chechiedza. Panyama ivo vanowanzo kusiyaniswa nemuvara wehood yavo, kazhinji, iri orenji kune multimode uye yero kune imwe chete.

Kana uchiparadzanisa iyo fiber fiber zvakakosha kuti utarise kuti kuenderana kwayo pakati pemacores kunofanirwa kuve kwakanyatso nyatso, nekuti zvikasadaro paizove nekurasikirwa nekuda kwekubatanidza kwenhema. Izvi zvinoreva kuti majoini ari pakati pefibisi yefaindi akaomarara kupfuura aya anoshandiswa mune tambo dzemhangura dzakajairika.

Fiber Optic Nhoroondo

Mune fiber optics pane zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha zvakaratidza kufambira mberi kuti uwane tekinoroji yatinoziva nhasi maererano nekutapurirana kwedata kuburikidza nechiedza. Izvo zvinhu ndeye fiber yemagetsi uye mwenje unofamba mairi. Muchikamu chino, isu tichafamba kuburikidza nenhoroondo ye fiber optics uye nemashandurire akaita shanduko nekufamba kwenguva.

KuGreek kwekare, chiedza chezuva chaionekera pamirazi chaishandiswa kutumira mameseji, kana kutadzisa kuona kwevavengi vako. Sisitimu imwecheteyo yakashandiswa naClaude Chappe muna 1792 kuisa optical telegraphy vachishandisa shongwe nemirazi izvo zvakagoverwa pamusoro pe200 km. Akakwanisa kuendesa meseji mune rekodhi nguva yenguva yemaminetsi gumi nematanhatu.

Muna 1910 Demetrius Hondros naPeter Debye ndivo vakatanga kushandisa mwenje mukati mematare akagadzirwa negirazi. Izvo zvinoda kuziva kuti kuyedza uku kwakatora nguva yakareba, nekuti pakasvika gore 1820 iyo equations iyo yakasimbisa chiitiko ichi yakatovepo.

Iyi nheyo inonzi sekuvharirwa kwechiedza nekubvisa. Rangarira kuti kudzoreredza chiitiko chinokonzeresa danda rechiedza kuti rishandure mafambiro parinoshanduka kubva kune imwe tambo yekufambisa kuenda kune imwe iyo iine mareferensi akasiyana ekuchinja nekuti ane density dzakasiyana.

Muma1840, Jean-Daniel Collado naJacques Babinet vakakwanisa kuratidza mutemo uyu. Zvimwechetezvo, muna 1870 John Tyndall akaona kuti mwenje unokwanisa kufamba mumvura, uye iwo mwenje unobviswa mukati meiyi svikiro. Aya matanho ekutanga akabvumira kuti zvidzidzo zviitwe izvo zvaizosimbisa kugona kwekristaro sechinhu chakanakisa parutivi rwekutapisa kwechiedza kumatunhu marefu. Pakutanga kushanda kwayo kwaive kwekuvhenekera zvitubu zvemvura.

Gare gare, John Logie, injinjini yekuScotland, akapihwa pateni sisitimu yemagetsi yeterevhizheni yemavara, yaishandisa tsvimbo dzakagadzirwa negirazi iro raipfuudza mwenje. Sisitimu iyi haina kunyatsobudirira nekuda kwekudzikiswa kwaive nako nekuda kwemidziyo uye matekiniki aaiisa, saka zvaive zvisingaite kuti mwenje ufambe madaro marefu. Zvakare, yavo sisitimu yakanga isina Optical couplers.

Muna 1952 nekuda kwezvidzidzo zvakapfuura zvakaitwa naJohn Tyndall, wefizikisi Narinder Singh Kapany akakwanisa kugadzira iyo fiber fiber. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti yaive muma1950 apo kutsvagisa nezve fiber optics kwakadzamiswa. Muchokwadi, muna 1957 Basil Hirschovitz akagadzira semi-flexible endoscope achishandisa fiber optics. Akakwanisa kutumira mifananidzo uye iyi endoscope chishandiso chakanakisa chekuvhiya.

Iyo Yunivhesiti yeMichigan inotsvaga mune yayo vhezheni yeiyo semi-inoshanduka endoscope kushandiswa kwechinhu chine yakaderera refractive index kupfuura iyo yepakati, panzvimbo pekushandisa maoiri kana wakisi sezvakamboshandiswa kare. Uye zvakare, yakatetepa zvakanyanya fiber optic tambo dzakagadzirwawo, zvakanyanya sekukora kwebvudzi. Nekudaro, mwenje wakadzikiswa kana kurasikirwa mushure memamirimita mapfumbamwe ekufambisa neiyi fiber fiber. Aive Charles K. Kao, uyo akataura kuti iyo yepamusoro dzidziso yekudzivirira iyo iyo fiber fiber yaifanira kuve yaive makumi maviri emadhivhibhodhi kuti chishandiso chive chinogoneka, mune yake yechiremba dzidziso

Zvakare, Charles K. Kao pamwechete naGeorge Hockham akataura kuti zvaigoneka kugadzira tambo dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita pachena. Saizvozvowo, ivo ndivo vaikurudzira kushandiswa kwefibre optics yekufambisa mameseji efoni pachinzvimbo chekushandisa izvo zvinogutsikana tambo dzemhangura nemagetsi.

Izvo zvaive zvakafanira kugadzirisa iyo fiber fiber, iyo panguva ino yaive neanodzora ye100 dB / km, diki bandwidth uye yakakura meakility fragility. Kuti zvibudirire izvi, zvidzidzo zvisingaperi uye zvakadzama uye kuferefeta zvaifanirwa kuitwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuona kuti chikonzero chaive neiyi nhanho yekurasikirwa muchiedza ndiko kusviba kwemukati kwaivapo musilicon kana girazi.

Yakanga iri yekutenda mukuwanikwa uku kuti shinda dzakatanga kugadzirwa pamwe nekuderedzwa kwekudzikisira kusvika ku20 dB / km uye nehukuru bandwidth. Uye zvakare, iwo macores aive 100 µm gobvu, ayo akafukidzwa newaya yeNaylon kuremekedza iyo refractive index hwaro, asi iyo inogona zvakare kupa yakakura michina kuomarara, ichiita kuti zvisakwanise kutyora iyo fiber nemaoko.

Basa raKao naHockman rakashanda sehwaro hwekutsvagisa kwakaitwa naRobert Maurer, Donald Keck, Peter Schultz naFrank Zimar avo vakaronga nekugadzira yekutanga fiber fiber ine tsvina yeTitanium. Izvi zvakasviba zvakaverengerwa nemaune musilicon kuti iwedzere kuburitsa mune iyo fiber. Iyi fiber yaibvumidza mwenje kuti ufambe mune iyo fiber fiber ine 17 chete dB / km yekuderedzwa. Mumakore gumi chete aya a1970, zvaive zvichikwanisika kugadzira faibha dzakasviba ine chete 0.5 dB / km yekurasikirwa.

Kumwe kufambira mberi kwakakosha mune yakajeka data yekufambisa tekinoroji kwakagadzirwa navefizikisi Morton B. Panish naIzuo Hayashi vakagadzira semiconductor laser yaigona kushanda ichienderera pasina kuwedzera tembiricha yayo. Pamwe chete John MacChesney nevamwe vabatsiri vakagadzira nzira dzekugadzirira fiber.

Yekutanga kufambisa nhare ichishandisa tambo yekufambisa yakaitwa muna Kubvumbi 22, 1977 nekambani yekuNorth America General Telefoni neMagetsi, uye yakasvika kumhanya kwe6 Mbit / s.

Pakazosvika 1980 iyo tambo yainge iine pachena zvekuti yaigona kutumira masaini kuburikidza neiyo fiber fiber yenzira inosvika mazana maviri nemakumi mana emakiromita vasati vanyatsorasika. Idzi tambo dzakasimuka apo vaongorori pavakaona kuti yakachena silicon isina chero simbi yaigona kungogadzirwa uchishandisa maturusi uye zvinhu zvinoshandisa mweya. Izvi zvakadzivirira zvakasviba zvinosvibisa kubva mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira.

AT & T yakatumira chirongwa chayo chefibre optic system ingangoita mamaira mazana mapfumbamwe kubva kuFederal Communications Commission muna 1980. Iyi sisitimu yaizomhanya ichibatanidza maguta eBoston neWashington DC. Yakanga iri mushure memakore mana ekuratidzwa kwechirongwa ichi, apo sisitimu yakatanga kushanda. Iyi tambo yaive gumi masendimita muhupamhi uye yaikwanisa kupa anosvika makumi masere ezviuru manzwi ekutaurirana panguva imwe chete yefoni.

Yekutanga Optical fiber kuiswa transoceanically yakatanga kushanda muna 1988, iko pachena kwechikamu chayo kwaive kwakapusa zvekuti zvaingodiwa chete kuisa optical amplifaya mamaira makumi mana. Shure kwaizvozvo, kubatana kwakawanda kwerudzi urwu kwakagadzirwa uye kushanya kwakawandisa kwakaitwa pakati pemaguta nemakondinendi.

Kufambira mberi kwese uku kwakatendera fiber optics kuenderera nekuvandudza kujekesa kwayo uye inogona kunyorerwa kutaurirana mumusika uye kwete chete padanho rekuyedza. Muchokwadi, General Telefoni neElectronics musi waApril 22, 1977 akakwanisa kugadzira yekutanga kubudirira kufambisa nhare nekumhanya kwe6 Mbits / s, vachishandisa fiber optics semutsetse wekutepfenyura.

Yekugadzira maitiro

Yaive kuBell Laboratories iyo nzira dzakazvimirira dzekugadzira fiber optics dzakagadzirwa. Kubva ipapo, pane mana maitirwo ekugadzira fiber optics

MCVD (Yakagadziridzwa Chemical Vapor Deposition)

Iyi nzira yakatanga kugadzirwa neCorning Glass Kambani uye yakashandurwa neBell Laboratories yekushandisa kwemaindasitiri. Ivo vane yakachena quartz chubhu, umo silicon dioxide inosanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu kuti dope gadziriro. Iyi chubhu inozoiswa pane lathe inotenderera.

Shure kwaizvozvo, inounzwa kune tembiricha inosvika 1600 degrees Celsius ine hydrogen uye okisijeni inopisa. Izvi zvinoitwa nekutenderedza lathe apo iyo quartz chubhu inopisa pamusoro pehurefu hwayo hwese. Panguva ino zvinowedzerwa zvinowedzerwa, zvinove izvo zvinopa kune irinani refractive indekisi mumusoro, kune mumwe mugumo wechubhu.

Iwo akateedzana maturu anosanganisirwa, nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kwekuzviisa pasi kweanopisa. Iyi nzira inobvumira kuti nucleus igadziriswe. Ipapo, chinopisa chinounzwa patembiricha ye1800 degrees Celsius, inova iyo tembiricha iyo inobvumira iyo quartz kunyorova uye nekudaro kuwana preform.

Iyo preform inoreva kune yegirazi tsvimbo kana chubhu iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira fiber optics. Ndokunge, iri yakasimba tube iyo inowanikwa mushure meiyi nzira. Kazhinji zviyero zvayo zvinopfuura zvishoma mita imwe pakureba uye 1cm pakureba.

VAD (Vapor Axial Deposition)

Unyanzvi uhu hwakavakirwa pane hwakagadzirwa naNippon Telefoni neTeregraph. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muJapan mune iwo makambani anoita mukugadzirwa kwe fiber optics. Iyo inoshandisa izvo zvakafanana zvinhu zvekutanga senge mune iyo MCVD nzira. Zvisinei, ivo vanosiyana muchokwadi chekuti chekupedzisira, chete musimboti wakaiswa. Ikozvino, iyo lining yakaiswa zvakare mukuwedzera

Ndokusaka nzira iyi iri yakati wandei panguva yekushandisa doping, sezvo Germanium yakasviba inofanira kuverengerwa muchikamu chikuru mukati memukati kupfuura mune yekupfeka. Zvekugadzirwa uku, software inoshandiswa semubatsiri akakosha panogadzwa ma parameter.

Kutora nerubatsiro girazi tsvimbo kana chubhu, preform maitiro anotanga. Chubhu iyi yekubatsira inoshanda sekutsigira kwayo. Inotanga nekubatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana nenzira yakarongeka kubva kumagumo esirinda, kuwana porous preform, iyo painenge ichikura, inova yakanamatira kubva kune anobatsira girazi chubhu.

Shure kwaizvozvo, kudonha kwacho kunoitwa, uko kunosanganisira kukwidza tembiricha inosvika 1700 degrees Celsius kuitira kuzadzikiswa kwequartz. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuenda kubva mukati mehomwe porous preform kune yakasimba, yakajeka sirinda.

Kana tichienzanisa nzira iyi neiyo yapfuura, iyo nzira yeVAD ine mukana wekuti preforms yehurefu hwakareba uye hukuru hukuru hunowanikwa, uye zvakare ichideredza iyo yekuisa simba. Nekudaro, kusakosha kwayo ndeyekuti inoda yakawanda zvikuru michina yekugadzira.

OVD (Kunze kweVapor Deposition)

Iyi nzira yakagadzirwa neCorning Glass Work. Mune ino kesi, yako mbishi zvinhu zvinotanga neceramic substrate humburumbira uye chinopisa. Iwo anopisa machloridi akaiswa pamoto unopisa, uye moto unopisa tsvimbo. Panguva ino, synthesis ye preform inoitwa. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuomesa tsvimbo nenzira yegaseous chlorine, kuti gare gare iite nzira yekudonha nenzira imwecheteyo neiyo ichaitwa nenzira yapfuura. Aya ndiwo maratidziro akaitwa iwo musimboti uye kuputirwa kwawo, kuwana preform.

Mimwe yemabhenefiti eiyi nzira ndeyekuti zvinokwanisika kugadzira tambo yemagetsi ine yakaderera kwazvo attenuation uye yakanaka mhando, nekuda kwekusimudzira kweyakaomeswa maitiro. Iyi optimization inobvumira kuwana akatsetseka profiles pasina yakakosha annular chimiro.

PCVD (Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition)

Iyi nzira inogadzirwa nekambani yePhilips muNetherlands. Saizvozvo, inoratidzirwa neyakatsetseka profiles uye isina inozivikanwa annular chimiro. Nheyo yenheyo iyi yakavakirwa pane oxidation yeSilicon chloride uye Germanium chloride. Nekupisa ma chloride aya, nyika yeplasma inowanikwa, inoteverwa neiyo doping process yemukati.

Preform yakatambanudza nhanho

Zvisinei nemhando yemaitiro anoshandiswa, zvakajairika pakati peizvi zvese kuti preform yekutambanudza maitiro kunoitwa. Kuti uwane kutambanudza preform zvakafanira kuve neakavhurika chubhu yevira. Iyo preform inoiswa mukati mehovhoni ino uye inoiswa kumatembiricha anosvika 2000 degrees Celsius, izvi kuitira kunyorovesa preform uye kugona kuishandisa.

Mukuita uku, iyo dhayamita yeiyo Optical fiber inowanikwa, uye inonyanya kukosha kuchengetedza kusagadzikana kunogara kuripo kuitira kuti iyo dhayamita muhurefu hwayo yeiyo fiber fiber isasiyane. Iyo nzira yekuona kuti musimboti hauna kusiana kwakadaro muhupamhi hwayo ndeyekuchengetedza yunifomu kugara kunetsekana. Uye zvakare, kusavapo kweiyo convection currents muchoto inofanirwa kuvimbiswa.

Saizvozvowo, zvakakosha zvakanyanya kuti kana preform yanyorovesa zvakare, kupinda kweavo vamiririri vanogona kusvibisa kana kuburitsa ma microcracks kunodzivirirwa, izvo zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwayo nekuderedza uye kunyange kupaza muiyo fiber fiber.

Munguva yekuita uku, zvinhu zvekugadzira zvinowedzerwawo kumufananidzo, kazhinji ipolymer inoratidzika. Kukosha kweiyo polymer ndeyekuti inobvumira iyo fiber fiber kutambanudzwa nekukwirira kumhanya. Izvi zvinogadzira yunifomu, isina kuchena-isina denderedzwa yakatenderedza iyo fiber. Chekupedzisira, kudzivirirwa uku kwakaomeswa uye kuomeswa, pachishandiswa nzira yekupisa kana makemikari maitiro uchishandisa ultraviolet radiation.

Fiber Optic Zvishandiso

Iyo faibha ine inoyevedza manyorerwo, saka inogona kuiswa mune edhijitari kutaurirana, zvishongo, sensors, mwenje, kushongedza, pakati pevamwe. Heano mamwe emabasa akajairika e fiber optics uye mamwe ekuwedzera.

Fiber optic kutaurirana

Chiyero chikuru kana kukura kwekushandisa kwe fiber optics ndeyekuterevhizheni. Nekuda kwekuchinjika kwayo, zvinokwanisika kurongedza tambo dzinoverengeka kuti dzigadzire tambo dzemagetsi. Kazhinji, shinda dzinoshandiswa pane izvi dzinoitwa yepurasitiki kana girazi, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe yezvinhu zviviri izvi.

Fiber optic sensors

Fiber optic sensors inogona kusiyaniswa pakati pemukati maseru uye ekunze maseru. Intrinsic sensors inoreva chimiro chaicho se sensor. Kune rimwe divi, muma sensors ekunze, iyo fiber ndiyo nzira yekufambisa masaini ayo sensor inoburitsa kune system inogadzirisa zvataurwa.

Nekuti hapana kutenderera kwemagetsi emagetsi muaya mafaera, vane mukana kana uchienzaniswa nema sensors emagetsi. Kunyangwe iyo furu yefaera iri pachayo yakanakisa sensor yekuyera kuora, tembiricha, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, mwando, magetsi emagetsi, magineti minda, magasi, kudedera, pakati pevamwe.

Kumwe kushandiswa kwefibre optics mukushandisa mamaikorofoni emumvura ekutsvaga kwekudengenyeka kwenyika kana kunyorera masaisai kwakagadzirwa nesonar. Kune izvi, anodarika chiuru sensors akagadzirwa ne fiber optics akashandiswa kugadzira hydrophonic masisitimu. Iyi mhando yehurongwa inoshandiswa kunyanya neindasitiri yemafuta nemasangano ekudzivirira uye dzimwe nyika. Saizvozvo, iyo Sennheiser kambani yekuGerman yakagadzira maikorofoni inoshanda ne laser mwenje uye fiber optics.

Mupfungwa imwe chete iyi, fiber optic sensors dzinoyera tembiricha uye kumanikidza kwemhepo zvinoshandiswa mumatsime emafuta. Aya marudzi eema sensors anokwanisa kumira akaomesesa mamiriro kana achienzaniswa nema sensors akagadzirwa ne semiconductors.

Mune avhiyesheni kune gyroscope yakagadzirwa nefiber optics, pamwe nehydrogen microsensors.

Aya ma sensoni epikicha akagadzirwa nefiber optics kazhinji ane zvikamu zvina zvakakosha, izvo zviri:

• Iyo sensor: ndiyo mutengesi
• Iye anobvunzurudza: ndiani anoburitsa uye anogamuchira iyo chiratidzo chinouya kubva kune iyo fiber fiber.
• Iyo tambo yekuona: ndiyo iyo fiber fiber
• Optical couplers, multiplexers, amplifiers kana switch: izvo zvinhu zvinobatsira iyo yemagetsi uye yemagetsi system kuti ibatanidzwe pasina kurasikirwa nechiratidzo, uye inokwanisa kubata akasiyana masaini kubva kwakasiyana masosi.

Iko kushanda kana kushanda kweiyi sisitimu kunotanga nechizvarwa chechiratidzo che optical chakagadzirwa nemubvunzi, izvi kuitira kuti ubvunze ruzivo kubva kune anogamuchira. Ruzivo urwu runofamba kuburikidza neiyo fiber fiber yeiyo sensor. Kana zvikaenderera nekuyera mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza senge magasi, kumanikidzwa mumhepo, tembiricha uye zvimwe zvinhu, pane musiyano mukuwedzera kwechiedza, kana urefu hwayo hunowanikwa uye, nekudaro, pane shanduko mariri.

Iyi shanduko kusiyanisa, kungave kuri wavelength kana mukukura kwechiedza kunodzoserwa zvakare kuburikidza neiyo fiber fiber kune uyo anobvunza. Zvino, iyo muzana yekusiyana kweshanduko idzi inofungidzirwa. Nekushandisa akasiyana maalgorithms uye maturusi senge optoelectronic couplers, zvinokwanisika kushandura maziso emagetsi kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi, kuitira kuti magetsi emagetsi kumagumo agone kududzira ruzivo, senge kutonga kana kuratidza system .iyo chaiyo-nguva data.

Saizvozvowo, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe data data senge idzo dzinopfuura neInternet network, panogona kunge paine optical multiplexers, Optical switch, Optical amplifiers, kana akasiyana Optical couplers nenzira imwecheteyo.

Saizvozvo, fiber optic sensor masisitimu anogona kusarudzwa senzvimbo kana kugoverwa.

Optical poindi sensor masisitimu

Iyi mhando yehurongwa inoshandisa maseru akaparadzirwa akatsanangurwa nzvimbo mukati meiyo sensor network iyo inobvumira iyo parameter kuti itariswe yega. Nekuda kweizvi, poindi masisitimu anotendera kuyerwa kwemamwe ma parameter panguva imwe chete. Kusiyana neyakagoverwa masystem, poindi system yekutarisa inogona kuvhara kusvika mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emakiromita.

Yakagoverwa Optical Sensor Systems

Mune ino kesi, zviyero uye kutsvagisa kwekusiyana kweiyo optical paramende iyo iyo mubvunzurudzo inogamuchira inouya kubva kune data rakawanikwa pamwe neayo ese fiber fiber. Izvi zvinopa mukana sezvo iri fiber optic strand zone iyo inoshandiswa semuturikiri weiyo system. Iyo yakaparadzirwa Optical system inogona kutenderera kusvika pamatanho e120 km pakureba.

Iluminación

Iwo mafomu ekutanga ayo fiber optics aive nawo aive chaiwo iwo mwenje wenzvimbo. Kunyangwe nanhasi, chishandiso ichi chinoramba chiripo kune fiber optics. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti iyo fiber fiber inobvumidza kuvhenekera nzvimbo dzisingagone kupisa uye isina njodzi yemaseketi mapfupi, nekuti iyo fiber fiber yakagadzirirwa kutapurirana kwechiedza matanda.

Izvo zvinotokwanisika, nekugadzirisa iyo frequency, kuti uchinje ruvara rwechiedza. Izvi zvinobatsira kwazvo semuenzaniso kana mwenje uchishandiswa mumwenje, nekuti zvinokwanisika kushandura ruvara pasina kuchinja mwenje.

Saizvozvowo, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera nzvimbo dzekuvhenekera sezvo zvichikwanisika kumisikidza akasiyana fiber tambo munzvimbo dzakawanda, uchishandisa imwechete magetsi sosi.

Zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zve fiber optics

Iyo inoshandiswa seyekufambisa gwara remwenje inopenya inoburitswa nemushonga kana maindasitiri emidziyo ayo anoda nzvimbo dzinovhenekera uko mutsetse wekuona usingawanikwe zvakananga kana nyore.

Tinogona kushandisa semuenzaniso iyo semi-inoshanduka endoscope inoshandiswa mukurapa, iyo inoshandisa fiber optics pamwe chete nemalensi kukwanisa kuona mukati memitezo pasina kudiwa kwekuvhiya kwakanyanya. Panyaya yemabhizimusi kuongorora michina yakadai semagetsi.

Muchokwadi, fiber optics parizvino inoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekushongedza, sezvinoitika pamiti yeKisimusi ine faibha yemagetsi mumatavi ayo anovhenekera muti, uye zvakare zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa ruvara rwavo.

Mumwe muenzaniso wekushandisa mu fiber optics ndeuyo unoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvivakwa, zvinotora mwenje wechisikigo kubva kumatenga avo uye nekutenda kune fiber optics iyi mwenje inogona kuenda kunzvimbo dzemukati dzechivakwa.

Uye pakupedzisira, nhasi pane musanganiswa pakati pekongiri uye fiber optics inoguma nekongiri inoshanduka. Ichi chinyorwa chakagadzirwa nemugadziri Ron Losonczi, uye chinoshamisa chinhu pamusoro pekongiri iyi ndechekuti inogona kuramba iine simba rekongiri uye, nekuwedzera, mhando ye fiber optics yekufambisa mwenje.

Fiber optic hunhu

Optical fiber ndeye dielectric yekufambisa mutsara iyo inoshanda mukati memagetsi emagetsi muiyo Optical band. Mune ino optical band ndipo patinogona kuwana iwo mavara, asi kune zvakare iri padyo infrared bhendi uye infrared bhendi. Mune Optical fiber, chikamu cheaya mafambiro anowanzo shandiswa.

Imwe neimwe fiber optic strand ine yakakosha pakati inogadzirwa nepurasitiki kana girazi, ndokuti, Silicon neGermanium oxide. Uyu musimboti une yakakwira refractive index uye yakafukidzwa nekupfekedza ine yakaderera refractive index. Izvi zvinobvumira mwenje kuti ungofamba chete nepakati uye usatizire kunze. Izvo zvakajairika kuti iyi yekumhara dhesiki iitwe ye polymer kana plastiki.

Uyu musiyano mumareferensi anokanganisa anofanirwa kuve aripo pakati pechidziro nekumonerwa kwawo kunokonzerwa nemisimboti yekubvongodza kwechiedza. Iyi nheyo inotaura kuti kana nzvimbo ine imwe refractive index ichikomberedza imwe nzvimbo ine yakaderera refractive index, mwenje unoratidzwa uye, iwo mukuru musiyano uripakati peaya ma indices, iwo mukuru kona yenguva, saka pachave nekuratidzwa kwemukati mukati .

Mune fiber faibha, mwenje uri kubhowa kana kuratidzwa mukati meiyo nyukireya, uye aya maakona ekuratidzira akafara kwazvo, saka zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mwenje unofamba nenzira yakatwasuka nepakati payo, uchiitendera kuti ifambe kumatunhu marefu isina kupera.

Fiber optic kuita

Mitemo ye optical geometry ndiyo iyo inosimbisa mashandiro uye nemisimboti misimboti yekushanda kwe optical fiber. Iyo yemagetsi fiber inowanzo kudzorwa nemutemo wekubvisa ndeye kuenda nenheyo yekuratidzira kwemukati kwese.

Iwo mwenje matanda anopfuudzwa nemukati weiyo fiber fiber, ini ndapa musiyano mune izvo zvinokanganisa indices, danda iri harigone kupfuura nekuvharira asi rinoratidzwa pacharo uye rinoramba richipararira kuburikidza nepakati.

Tevere, isu tinopa izvo zvakanakira nekuipira kwe fiber optic tekinoroji.

Kubatsirwa

• Iyo ine rakakura kwazvo bandwidth, ichibvumira inokurumidza kwazvo kutapisa kumhanya
• Iyo tekinoroji yemainistist, ndiko kuti, inotora nzvimbo shoma.
• Icho chakareruka, sezvo ichingorema mashoma magiramu pamakiromita. Kusiyana netambo yemagetsi inogona kuyera zvakapetwa ka9 kupfuura fiber optics.
• Iyo inodzivirira zvachose kusvibiswa kwemagetsi emagetsi. Saka ine mhando yekutapurirana iri pamusoro pemitsara yakajairwa, nekuti haina kukanganiswa semuenzaniso nemaseketi epfupi ekunze kana dutu remagetsi.
• Chaizvoizvo nekuti haina hutachiona hwekupindirwa, fiber optics inovimbisa yakakwira huwandu hwekuchengetedza ruzivo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nzira chete yekupinda mukati meiyo fiber optic hutachiwana system ndeye kuhutera uye kunyange kuukanganisa, zvichiita kuti zvioneke nyore.
• Izvo hazvigadzi kupindira kune mamwe masisitimu.
• Iyo haina kukanganiswa nezviratidzo zvehutachiona, saka mumasystem senge yepasi pevhu pane masisitimu anogona kuvhiringidza nyore kutaurirana, fiber optics inova imwe nzira par kugona.
• Kugadziriswa kwayo kwakanyanya kudiki kana ichienzaniswa netambo dzakajairika, saka zvinokwanisika kufamba nzendo refu pasina kukosha kwekuisa zvinhu zvinoshanda sema amplifaya ekuchengetedza chiratidzo.
• Zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nejasi uye hood, iyo fiber fiber inogona kuve nemuchina unopikisa.
• Iyo inopesana nekuora.
• Iyo ine sisitimu inonzi optical reflectrometry iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uone nyore mapoinzi eutera kana fiber yakagurwa munzira.

payakaipira

Sezvo isu tichipa zvese zvakanakira fiber fiber, isu tichaenderera mberi nekupa zvakaipira zveiyi tekinoroji tichienzanisa nedzimwe tambo dzekufambisa.

• Yakakwira fiber fragility.
• Zvinoda zvinodhura kutapurirana uye zvekugamuchira michina.
• Zvipenga zvakagadzirwa ne fiber optics zvakanyanya kuomarara kuita, kunyanya mumunda, saka kugadzirisa kwakanyanya kuoma.
• Sezvo isingakwanise kuendesa magetsi, haina kuenderana zvakananga nemagumo masisitimu, ayo anowanzo kuve emagetsi.
• Haikwanise kuendesa masimba akakwirira kwazvo.
• Iyo haigone kuchengeta ruzivo optically.
• Iyo inokanganiswa netembiricha yakakwira kana yakadzika, saka bhachi nejasi rinofanira kunge riri tembiricha isingadzivirire zvinhu.
• Kutinhira kunogona kukanganisa kutapurirana kwedatha nenzira kwayo.

Mhando dzemagetsi

Mukati memusoro weiyo fiber fiber kune nzira dzakasiyana idzo danda remwenje dzinogona kutevera. Imwe yeiyi nzira inonzi nzira yekuparadzira. Optical fiber inogona kusarudzwa se multimode kana singlemode fiber.

Multimode faibha

Multimode fiber inoreva imwe iyo mwenje inogona kufamba nenzira dzinopfuura imwe kana nzira. Iyo tambo imwechete ye multimode fiber inogona kusvika kumazana 1000 modes yekupararira kwechiedza matanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwenje yemwenje hausvike panguva imwe chete. Rudzi urwu rwefibre runowanzo shandiswa pamusoro penzvimbo pfupi, angangoita madaro ari pasi pemakiromita maviri.

Iyo Refractive index yeiyo yepakati ye multimode fiber iri pamusoro zvishoma pane iyo refractive index yeiyo cladding. Uye zvakare, iyo hukobvu hwesimboti ye multimode fiber yakakura kudarika iyo yeimwe singlemode fiber, izvi zvinobvumira kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza nekuti hazvidi kunyatso nyatso.

Multimode fiber inogona zvakare kuiswa mumhando mbiri zvichienderana nerudzi rwe refractive index yemukati wayo, ayo ari:

Yakadzedzereka index: mune ino kesi, iyo Refractive indekisi inogara iri mukati mehurefu hwenyukosi, nekudaro iine yakakwira modal yakapararira

Zvishoma nezvishoma index: mune ino nyaya musimboti unoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana saka iyo refractive index haina kugara pamusoro pehurefu hwese hwefibre uye, nekudaro, ine yakaderera modal kupararira.

Zvimwechetezvo, chiyero chakamisikidzwa muIO 11801, chinoratidza kupatsanurwa kwemultimode Optical fiber zvinoenderana nebandwidth uye nechiedza chekushandisa, kutaura kana iri multimode pane laser, kana multimode pane yakatungamirwa mwenje.

• OM1: Fiber 62.5 / 125 µm, 1 Gigabit (1 Gbit / s), LED.
• OM2: Fiber 50 / 125 µm, 1 Gigabit (1 Gbit / s), LED.
• OM3: Fiber 50/125 µm, 10 Gigabit (300 m), Laser.
• 

Singlemode fiber

Sezvatakatsanangura kare, izwi rekuti mode rinoshandiswa kuratidza huwandu hwenzira dzinogona kuve nemwenje yechiedza. Mune imwechete-modhi fiber, pane imwe chete modhi iyo mwenje inogona kufamba nayo. Izvi zvinobva zvashandura kuita diki dhayamita yemukati. Saizvozvowo, mwenje dzidziso inofamba nepakati peiyo fiber kusiyana nemultimode iyo inodonha kubva pamadziro eiyo yepakati. Rudzi urwu rwefibisi runoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzira dzedaro refu.

Yakasununguka chimiro tambo

Izvo zvakare zvinokwanisika kuseta Optical fiber zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwayo, uyezve kune maviri marudzi eanyowani fiber maererano neichi chikamu.

Rudzi urwu rwefibre runogona kuiswa panze uye mukati uye inoumbwa netambo dzinoverengeka dzakakamurwa kuva mapoka anounzwa mumachubhu anotenderedza kusimbisa kwepakati, uye izvi zvinoputirwa nejaketi rinodzivirira.

Izwi rekuti kusununguka chimiro kunobva pakuti iyo fiber optic tambo dzakasununguka mukati memachubhu avanotungamirirwa nawo. Iyi chubhu inogona kuva isina mhango kana kuve neiyo hydrophobic zvinhu mukati, kuti ishande sedziviriro yeiyo fiber fiber kurwisa mwando.

Uye zvakare, yaifanirwa kunge yakasununguka, inobvumira iyo fiber fiber kuti igare yakasarudzika kubva kune ekunze michina mauto ayo anoshandiswa pane tambo.

Iyo yepakati brace inowanzo shanduka uye inopa simba kune tambo. Inogona kugadzirwa nesimbi kana dielectric zvinhu.

Tight mamiriro tambo

Iyi tambo ine kunyanya kunyorera kwemukati mezvivakwa sezvo iri nyore kusununguka uye inobvumidza madiki akakombama radii pane akasununguka mameseji tambo.

Iyi tambo ine mubatanidzwa we akati wandei fiber optic tambo iyo yega yega ine jasi nejaketi. Idzi tambo dzakakomberedza chidimbu chepakati uye iyi yese seti inoteedzana inodzivirirwa neyekunze dura. Zita rayo rinobva mukuti tambo dzese dzefaera dzakasimba kwazvo, izvo zvinopa rutsigiro rwakanaka rwemuviri.

Fiber Optic zvinoriumba

Mune yekutaurirana sisitimu inogadzirwa ne fiber optics pane zvimwe zvinhu izvo zvinodiwa kuti kufambisa kubudirire. Izvi zvinoriumba zvinosanganisira zvinotapira, zvigadzirwa zvemaziso, zvisungo zvemagetsi kana zviteshi, pakati pevamwe.

Optical zvinofambisa

Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinotarisira kushandura ruzivo kana dhata dzinobva kune yemagetsi sosi kune yeanopenya data kana mwenje matanda. Kuti zvibudirire izvi, mutepfenyuri anoshandisa maerekitironi pane imwe frequency kuti afare mukati mezvinhu zvakaita sesiliconi, kazhinji ichigadzira mwenje wechiedza, unonzi mafotoni, muchimiro chesimba. Maphoni ndiwo ekutanga chiyero chemwenje wechiedza. Iyo inotumira mukati ine modulator inozadzikisa mashandiro ekushandura emagetsi simba kuita Optical simba.

Beam emitters

Mumagetsi anotumira pane maviri marudzi emitters anoburitsa masaini emeso, ayo ari:

LEDs.

Iyo diode inoburitsa mwenje, kana Chiedza Chinoburitsa Diode. Rudzi rwechiedza chinoburitsa chinonyanya kushandiswa mu multimode fiber nekuda kwekureruka kwekushandisa uye nehupenyu nguva. Kunyangwe zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti mhando yechiedza iyi haigone kufamba nzendo refu, saka inoshandiswa kwemifambo mifupi nekuti inozadzisa basa uye inoderedza mutengo.

Lasers

Iyo ndiyo Amplified Yakasimudzirwa Zvakasarudzika Radiation yeChiedza. Inoburitsa mwenje wakabatana kwazvo, uye inoshandisa semiconductors yekuburitsa mwenje. laser mwenje inogona kushandiswa mu multimode fibers uye mune imwechete-modhi tambo, kunyangwe iyo inowanzo shandiswa chete mune imwechete-modhi tambo sezvo yavo matunhu akaomesesa uye nekudaro anodhura. Nguva yehupenyu yelaser, kunyangwe yakareba, inowanzo kuve pazasi peavhareji emaLED.

Magetsi magetsi-aripo ma switch

Mune fiber fiber optic transmissions zvinofanirwa kuve nechinhu chinoona kuvepo kwemaphotoni. Kazhinji, iyi fodhiodhi inokonzeresa kushandurwa kwemasaini ekusaona kumasaini emagetsi. Inoita izvi nekuturikira huvepo kana kusavapo kwechiedza muzviratidzo zvine yakakwira uye yakadzika kana imwe uye zero.

Uye zvakare, ivo vanonongedzerwa kune iyo yekumashure maitiro, ndiko kuti, kushandura emasaini masaini kuita anowona masaini. Kunyangwe zvichikwanisika kushandura mwenje kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi, uye izvi zvichiburitsa imwe simba, hazvina kukwana kumisikidza chishandiso chemagetsi. Iyi midziyo yekupedzisira inowanzo kuve magetsi, saka imwe simba sosi inowanzo kuve inodiwa nguva dzose.

Sezvatakambotaura, kazhinji izvi zvinoshandura zvemagetsi emagetsi zvine photodiode kana semiconductor. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekushanda chaiko kweaya semiconductors, mamwe mamiriro anofanira kunge aripo, ayo ari:

• Kana pasina mwenje, iyo yekumashure yazvino haifanire kunge iri yakanyanya kukwirira kuti igone kuona isina kusimba maziso emeso.
• Inofanira kunge iine bandwidth yakakura, kuti igone kupa nekukurumidza mhinduro.
• Ruzha mazinga anogadzirwa neaya semiconductors anofanirwa kuve mashoma.

Nekudaro, kune mhando mbiri dzekuona, PIN photodiode uye APD avalanche photodiode.

PIN michina

Rudzi rwema detectors runosanganisira semiconductor inoumbwa nematatu matatu, iwo maviri ekunze akaturikidzana ndeemhando P uye imwe yerudzi N uye iyo iri pakati iri Intrinsic semiconductor. Apa ndipo panobva zita rePIN. Izvi zvemukati zviri muchiitiko zvinowanzoiswa sekuwedzeredzwa kwezvinhu P kana zvinhu N.

APD michina

Aya ndiwo avalanche semiconductors. Aya mafotodhiodhi, kana redhiyo voltage ikaiswa pairi, inogadzira ikozvino kuwanikwa. Iko kushanda kweaya semiconductor avalanche michina inosanganisira kugadzira elektroni kufamba uye inosangana neatomu kuitira kuti igone kuburitsa imwe elektroni. Chikonzero avalanche semiconductors anoshandiswa nekuti iyi elekitironi iri kutumirwa inofanirwa kubata huwandu hwakakwana hwesimba.

APD michina inogona kuisirwa mumhando nhatu, zvinoenderana nezvinhu izvo zvakagadzirwa ne:

Silicon michina

Aya marudzi eaya anoshanda zvakanyanya uye anogadzira yakaderera ruzha mazinga. Iko kupihwa kwemagetsi kwerudzi urwu rwema detector kuri mukati meiyo 200 V kusvika 300 V

Germanium michina

Kazhinji, inoshanda nema wavelengths mukati mehurefu hwe1000 uye 1300 nm, kunyangwe iri shoma kuita.

Detector zvimwe zvinhu

Aya ma detector anoumbwa nezvinhu kana makemikari ari mumapoka echitatu neV etafura ye periodic.

Mhando dze fiber optic polishing

Iyo mhando yekukorobha inoenderana neanobatanidza ayo ari pamagumo eiyo fiber fiber, iwo anogona kuverengerwa maererano nerudzi rwavo rwekupora. Iyi mhando yekukorobha inosiyana zvichienderana nenzira iyo yakabatana nayo.

Plano: uku kupora kunosiya magumo eiyo fiber akatsetseka uye akaenzana kune ayo akabatana, ndiko kuti, akanyatsogadzikana.

PC (Panyama Kubata): Iyo tambo inogumiswa nenzira yakasununguka, ichiisa cores dzese tambo dzakabatana.

SPC (SuperPC): Iyo yakafanana nePSP, iyo micheto madiki marimu saka inoita kunge chinematatu chimiro isina poindi pakati, asi yakati sandara.

CPU (UltraPC): yakaenzana SPC asi micheto inodanidzirwazve kuitira kuti chete pakati payo fiber ndiyo yakati sandara.

Yakagadziridzwa UPC: Iyo yakadzvanywa kwazvo vhezheni kupfuura yekutanga, saka iko kusangana kunofanirwa kuve neakanyanya kunyatso.

APC (Angled PC): Rudzi urwu rwePolishing runosanganisira kugadzira chimiro uine imwe kona, kona iyi inobvumidza kuvimbisa nekurongeka kwakanyanya kubatana kwepanyama pakati pemakona emativi ese ari maviri.

Fiber Optic Zvinobatanidza

Iwo ekubatanidza ndizvo zvinhu zvinobvumidza iyo fiber fiber kuti ibatanidzwe nemidziyo yekupedzisira. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvine Computer Kutaurirana Ports ye fiber optic kubatana. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechiteshi, imwe mhando yekubatanidza inozoshandiswa kune iyo fiber yekubatanidza. Izvo zvakafanana nezvinoitika netambo dzakajairika, semuenzaniso necoaxial tambo kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekubatanidza uye yega yega inozadzisa basa.

Muchidimbu, mhando dzekubatanidza dze fiber optics ndeidzi:

• FC
• FDDI
• LC uye MT-Array
• SC uye SC-Duplex
• ST kana BFOC

Iwo maunganidziro ayo anowanzo shandiswa mu fiber optics, kunyanya kune enzvimbo netiweki netiweki ndeye ST, LC, FC uye SC zvinobatanidza.

Optical internet waya

Iyo fiber optic tambo inoumbwa neboka renhamba dzinoverengeka dzemagetsi kuburikidza nemasaini akasiyana anoonekwa. Yese fiber inogona kunge ichitumira yakawanda data kubva kwakasiyana masosi, saka iyo fiber optic tambo inogona kunge iri kutumira ruzivo kubva kune akasiyana masevhisi panguva imwe chete.

Tambo dzefibre optic ndiyo nzira inogoneka yekutsiva tambo dzecoaxial muindastiri yekutaurirana uye neindasitiri yemagetsi. Kunyangwe tambo ine 8 optical fibers ichiri diki zvakanyanya kupfuura tambo dzakajairika. Tambo yefaera optic ine simba rekutumira ruzivo rwakaenzana neiya yakatumirwa netambo dzemhangura makumi matanhatu nematanhatu nemakumi mairi nemakumi maviri nenomwe, kana tambo ina dzekukwirisa dzemachubhu masere. Pamusoro pezvo, fiber optics inogona kutumira ruzivo pamusoro pematanho akakura pasina chikonzero chekuisa akawanda anodzokorora kana ma amplifaya sezvaizoitika mune yekushandisa tambo dzemhangura.

Zvakare, zvakakosha kujekesa musiyano wehuremu uripo pakati pefibre optic tambo uye tambo yemhangura. Semuenzaniso, iyo 8-fiber fiber optic tambo inogona kuyera zvishoma kana makumi matatu kg pamakiromita, nepoxial tambo inogona kurema kusvika ku30 kg pakiromita. Uye saizvozvowo, fiber optics inobvumira kumhanya kumwe chete kubva pamakiromita maviri kusvika mana akapatsanuka. Muchiitiko cheiyo coaxial tambo, iyo chete inobvumidza kumhanya kwemakumi maviri kusvika mazana matatu emamita.

Nekudaro, ichokwadi zvakare kuti Optical fiber inoda imwe yekumachira uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinopa kusimbiswa mukuisirwa kwayo. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuitira kuti kusaisa kuisa panjodzi uye, mune ramangwana, kutyora kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekushomeka kwavo.

Cable Zvimiro

Tambo idzi dzemagetsi dzine mabasa akasiyana. Pakutanga, tinogona kutaura kuti inoshanda sechinhu chinodzivirira iyo yemukati fiber tambo kuti vasatambura kukuvara kana mabhureki anogona kuitika panguva yekumisikidzwa kwetambo kana panguva yehupenyu hwayo hunobatsira, unowanzo kuve makore makumi maviri. ..

Chechipiri, tambo dzefibre optic dzinopa kuomarara kune iyo yemukati fiber fiber kuitira kuti igone kumira kwakasimba kudzvinyirira torsional mamiriro uye mamiriro ezvemamiriro ekunze ayo angafumiswe. Ndicho chikonzero nei kuwedzera kune tambo, zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisirwa kusimbisa uye kupatsanura iyo fiber fiber kubva kune aya ekunze vamiririri nemauto kwainoiswa.

Tambo idzi dzinogona kuve neepasi pevhu, yepasi pegungwa kana transoceanic kana kuiswa kwepamhepo. Imwe yemapoinzi akakosha ehurongwa ine tambo dzefibre optic iri panguva yekumisikidzwa, uye ndosaka zvimwe zvinhu zvichishandiswa kuchengetedza fiber kubva mukukuvara.

Fiber optic waya dhizaini uye zvinhu

Basa rinozoitwa netambo yefaibha rinoona mamiriro aro. Nekudaro, kunyangwe kana ichigona kuiswa pamabasa akasiyana, tambo dzese dze fiber optic dzine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana, zvinova izvo zvekunamatira kwechipiri, tambo dzemukati, izvo zvinobatsira mukusimbisa nekuumbwa kwetambo, bhachi rinoronga zvese faibha tambo uye unyoro-insulating zvinhu. Zvipfeko zvechipiri zvinogona kugoverwa mumhando nhatu:

Liner yakasara

Iyi liner inowanzo kuve yakasimba annular korona iyo inogadzirwa neyiloni kana polyester inovhara iyo yekutanga liner. Naizvozvo iko kupfeka kwechipiri kunowedzera hupamhi hwekupedzisira hweiyo fiber fiber. Basa rekushongedzwa uku ndere kupa dziviriro kubva kuma microbend anogona kuvapo mune yefa fiber. Nekudaro, kunyangwe hazvo kupfeka uku kuchidzivirira pakukombama uku, zvakakosha kuti uve wakangwarira kana uchiisa iyo fiber fiber, nekuti inogona kuitika panguva yekumisikidzwa.

Hollow yakasununguka liner

Iyi liner ine nzvimbo yakakura, iyo ine chubhu ine mhango inogadzirwa nesimbi uye inosanganiswa nepurasitiki. Izvi zvinoita kuti chubhu iyi ive yakaoma zvinhu, asi panguva imwechete inochinja. Chinangwa chekugadzira hukuru hwakanyanya ndechekuti inodzivirira iyo fiber fiber kubva kune vibrations, tembiricha uye masimba emagetsi.

Akasununguka lining nepadding

Iyo yakafanana kupfeka yataurwa pamusoro, asi mukati mechinhu chinokwanisa kudzivirira mwando kunounzwa. Nekuunza hydrophobic zvinhu mukati, zvinodzivirira mvura kusvika kune iyo fiber fiber. Pamusoro pekupa chengetedzo kubva kune vibration uye nevamwe vamiririri vezvakatipoteredza, zvakare inokwanisa kumira kumwe kutonhora. Zvakajairika kuti zvishandiso zvinotorwa kubva peturu kana silicone zvinoshandiswa.

Structural zvinhu

Izvi zvinhu ndizvo zvivakwa zvinoshanda sepakati gwara renzira iyo iyo fiber fiber inofanirwa kutevera. Optical fiber inogona kugoverwa pamwe chete neichi chimiro kana kurukwa chakakomberedza. Kazhinji, izvi zvivakwa zvine migero kana maburi anoshanda seyezve gwara reiyo fiber fiber.

Kusimbisa zvinhu

Seizvo zita ravo rinoratidzira, chinangwa chavo ndechekupa kumwe kusimbisa kune iyo fiber optic tambo kuitira kutsaura, nepazvinogona napo, masimba akasimba ayo anogona kuiswa tambo uye, uyezve, hapana hukuru hwakakura hunogona kukonzeresa rupuka. Kuwedzera pakudzivirirwa kwekureba, inodzivirirawo tambo dzefibre optic kumakinks uye vibrations. Zvishandiso zvakajairika zvinoshandiswa pakusimbisa zvivakwa iKevlar fiberglass nesimbi sezvo zviri zvinhu zvinoshanduka asi zvine kusimba.

Heather

Yese fiber optic tambo ine bhachi rinowanzo gadzirwa nepurasitiki. Iyi sheath ndiko kufukidza kwekunze kweiyo fiber optic tambo uye basa rayo ndere kupa dziviriro kune iyo yepakati kubva kune vekunze vamiririri, masimba uye zvinoitika, senge hunyoro, tembiricha, kudedera, pakati pevamwe.

Zvishandiso zvinozovhara macustomer edu zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekuisirwa uye mashandisirwo, semuenzaniso tambo dzemagetsi dziri mukati megungwa dzinofanirwa kupa dziviriro kubva kune hunyoro, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo uye kunyangwe kurumwa ne shark. Kana iri fiber optic tambo inozoiswa muchadenga, saka sheath inofanirwa kuchengetedza musimboti kubva kune vibrations uye kinks inogadzirwa nemhepo, uye zvakare pamusoro pekupisa uye hunyoro. Kana kana pakupedzisira, kuiswa kwayo kunenge kuri pasi pevhu, saka chifukidziro chinofanira kunge chakanyanya kurema kumira nekuvhunduka uye kumanikidzwa kwakapihwa nemuenzaniso, mota dzemotokari.

Matanho ekuparadzanisa

Zvakajairika kuti mukumhanya kwakakura kwazvo, anosvika anopfuura makiromita zana nemakumi matanhatu, zvinodikanwa kugadzira zvimedu pakati pefibisi, nekuti hapana tambo inopfuurira inohurefu uhu. Uye kunyangwe muchiitiko chekutyora, zvakakosha kuita mhando iyi yekugadzirisa.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenga zviripo ndedzinotevera:

Zvokuimba splice

Rudzi rwe splice runoita mhando yesleeve uko iyo tambo mbiri dzinounzwa uye neanogadzira twist inoitwa kujoina iwo maviri macores. Izvi zvipenga zvinowanzo shandiswa kwenguva pfupi kana kana fusion splicing ichionekwa seisina basa. Kurasikirwa kwakabatana neiyi splice nguva iri muhurongwa hwe0,5 dB.

Kutapira nemaglue

Muchiitiko ichi, yakanamirwa yakajeka glue ino bvumidza iyo inobvumidza iwo maviri magumo eiyo fiber kubatanidzwa uye iyi Union inodzivirirwa nerumwe rudzi rwekunze kwekusimbisa. Iyo ine kurasikirwa kwe0.2 dB, asi kazhinji haina kuvimbika zvakanyanya sezvo iyo glue inogona kuteedzera kubvarazve.

Fusion splicing

Chishandiso chinonzi fusion splicer chinoshandiswa panowedzerwa basa rakaomarara uye rakaringana. Mune iri basa, anoshanda anofanira kumbogadzirira iyo fiber asati aunza magumo mune ino splicer. Ichi chishandiso chine kugona kuona kana magumo aine chero inoshatisa mumiriri kana kana kukwenya kwakanakisa kuchidikanwa, kana kana paine panofanira kunge paine kurongeka kuri nani pakati peiyo tambo. Kana zvese izvi zvinodiwa zvikasangana, zvinoenderera nekupisa chete nzvimbo iyoyo, ichinyungudutsa iyo fiber uye nekudaro ichibatanidza macores ayo. Kurasikirwa kweiyi splice ndeye 0.02 dB.

Kugadziriswa mu fiber optic tambo

Izwi rekuti kuderedzwa rinoreva kurasikirwa nemagetsi kunoitika mumutsetse wekutumira. Chikamu chayo chekuyera ndicho chinonzi decibel (dB). Mune fiber optics pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana nei nei kuderedzwa kuchiitika mune tambo. Kune maviri marudzi ekurasikirwa, ayo ari epamoyo kurasikirwa kana kurasikirwa uye kwekunze kurasikirwa.

Intrinsic attenuations ndeaya anogadzirwa nemakemikari uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekugadzira kwayo. Ndokunge, izvo zvikonzero izvo zviri chikamu chechimiro chaicho cheSilicon neGermanium uye yeiyo tambo yekugadzira maitiro. Hazvina mhosva kuti maitiro acho anogona kuramba achivandudza zvakadii, hazvizove nyore kusvika kune furu yefaera pasina kudzikisira.

Kune rimwe divi, kudzvanywa kwekunze ndeye izvo zvinogadzirwa nevekunze zvinhu, sekusviba, kubatana kwakashata, kukwenenzvera zvisirizvo kwema profiles avo, majoini, pakati pevamwe. Uku kuderedzwa kuri kana kurasikirwa kunogona kuiswa muchikamu seinotevera:

Kubvisa kurasikirwa

Rudzi urwu rwekudzivirira runoitika kana paine kuvepo kwekusviba mukati meiyo fiber. Izvi zvakasviba zvinopinza kana kukanganisa kufamba kwechiedza. Uku kutora kunowanzo shandura mwenje kuita simba rekupisa, ichigadzira kurasikirwa kubva 1 kusvika 1000 dB / km.

Kurasikirwa kwaRayleigh

Kana iyo fiber yemagetsi iri kugadzirwa pane imwe nguva yekutonhora kwayo iyo iyo fiber isiri mune yakasviba uye yakasimba mamiriro, uye zvinokwanisika kuti pane kusarongeka kwekushandisa kwekukakavadzana kana yakatambanudzwa, izvi zvinogona kuburitsa zvisizvo zvidiki. Izvi zvisina kufanira zvinokonzeresa kupenya kwemazhenje emwenje pavanopfuura nawo.

Kupararira

Kupararira kunoitika kana paine musiyano muratidziro renongedzo uye nekudaro mwenje unodzoserwa neimwe nzira pane zvaitarisirwa, izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekutsemuka-nyoro mukati mefibre, zvinosvibisa kana zvikonzero zvemukati zvefibre.

Kupararira kwepakati nepakati

Mhando iyi yekupararira inoitika kana paine mutsauko munguva yekupararira kwechiedza pavanotora nzira dzakasiyana mukati memukati meiyo fiber. Inogona zvakare kuzivikanwa nezita rekuti modal kupararira. Mhando iyi yekupararira inoitika chete mune multimode fibers.

Kupararira kwechromatic kwechinhu ichi

Chromatic kupararira kweiyo waveguide: Iri ibasa redanho rechiratidzo cheruzivo uye kumisikidzwa kwegwara kunowanzo kuve kudiki pane kwakapararira kwekare uye nekudaro kunogona kuregedzwa.

Radiation kurasikirwa

Uku kurasikirwa kunogadzirwa nekinks kana kukombama mu fiber optic tambo. Izvi zvinowanzoitika panguva yekumisikidzwa kana kana kukombama kuchiitika mukati mekwara inofamba iyo fiber optic.

Kubatanidza kurasikirwa

Kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchitora. Izvi zvinodzivirirwa zvinowanzo kuve zvakaderera, asi zvisiri zvishoma. Sezvo panenge paine kusanzwisisana kusiri iko pakati penuclei, zvisinei izvi zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa kudzivirira kudzoka kwemasaisai.

Fiber Optic Kushanda Windows

Aya mahwindo ebasa anotibvumidza isu kutora mukana wechikamu cheiyo infrared mwenje bhendi yemagetsi emagetsi. Mune ino kesi, iwo mahwindo mune iwo mavelengths ari muhurongwa hweanomitha. Izvo zvakaratidzirwa pazviitiko zvakasiyana kuti kana uchishanda mune aya mashandiro windows pane kushomeka kwekudzikisira. Kunyanya, kune matatu windows:

• Yekutanga kushanda hwindo: iyo wavelength iri muchikamu chemazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi masere nanometer.
• Yechipiri yebasa hwindo: mune iyi kesi wavelength ndeye 2 nanometer.
• Yechitatu inoshanda hwindo: iyo wavelength iri muchikamu chiuru nemazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu ema nanometer. Iwindo iri rekupedzisira rakakamurwa kuita S band, C bhendi uye L bhendi.

Fiber Optic Kubatana

Kune maviri mafomu e fiber optic kubatana mune network network. Aya ma topologies anongedzera-kunongedza-netiweki uye kunongedzera-kune-multipoint network.

Point-to-point network ndeavo panogadzirwa node kubva kunobva ruzivo irworwo kumakambani, kumba kana vashandisi vanoda sevhisi. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana wepakati kana imwe node pane network pakati pemushandisi nebasa.

Point-to-multipoint network ndeavo anoda kupatsanura kana kupatsanura magetsi, akafanana neaya anoshandiswa kuterevhizheni anotibvumidza kubatanidza materevhizheni akasiyana kunyangwe iyo kambani yekambani ichingoendesa coaxial tambo. Zvino, kubva kuna emitter inoonekwa fiber inokamuranisa chiratidzo kuburikidza neanopatsanura ari pakati pevaviri, vana, vatanhatu uye vanosvika vasere vashandisi. Mumatanho akapamhamha, chimwe chezvikamu zvisere chinotorwa kuti chiise imwe yekuparadzanisa mumagetsi iyo inogona kudyisa vamwe vashandisi vasere. Zvisinei, izvi zvikamu zvine muganho uye zvinoda zvinokudziridza munzira yavo.

Optical gudzazwi

Iwo achiri ane fiber yemaziso asi mukugadzira maitiro ivo vanodhonzwa neakasiyana makemikari ezvinhu, kunyanya pasipasi pasi. Imwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa fiber optic amplifiers ndeye erbium doping.

Iyi gudzazwi inowanzo kuwanikwa seEDFA yekupfupikiswa kwayo muChirungu. Iyi gudzazwi inoshanda muhwindo rechitatu rinoshanda, kunyanya muC band neL band. Zvisinei, inogona zvakare kushanda mubhendi reS, asi inoda mamwe maajenti kana zvimwe zvinoumba makemikari.

Iyo pundutso iyo inopa kune yeanopisa chiratidzo inogona kubva kubva gumi neshanu kusvika makumi mana emadhivhuru. Iyo inowanzo ine fiber yemagetsi inochengeterwa mudzimba dzemakona uye inogona kuva negumi kusvika makumi matanhatu emamita eedoped fiber kureba.

Resumen

Fiber optics inzira yekutumira inotumira data kuburikidza nemumwenje wechiedza. Iwo iwo misimboti iyo iyo Optical fiber yakavakirwa iri mumitemo ye optical geometry, kunyanya mumutemo wekubvisa.

Mukutanga kwayo, zvidzidzo zvakasiyana zvakaitwa zvinowirirana kusvikira zvave kugona kugadzira iyo fiber fiber inozivikanwa nhasi. Mune izvi zvidzidzo, zvakaonekwa kuti kujeka kweiyo fiber kana yakakosha tambo yaive yakakosha kudzikisira kudzikisira uye kuzadzisa kushoma kurasikirwa uko nhasi kwe0.02dB / Km.

Inowanzo gadzirwa yezvinhu zvefiber fiber isilicon oxide uye germanium. Iwo ekuputira zvinhu anofukidza musimboti kazhinji mamwe mhando yepurasitiki. Zvino kunouya jasi rinopa kuomarara kuomarara kunogona kugadzirwa neNylon kana Kevlar, uye pakupedzisira jekete repurasitiki rinodzivirira tambo yese uye rinosarudzira tambo kubva kune vamiririri vekunze.

Kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira idzo dziri:

• MCVD (Yakagadziridzwa Chemical Vapor Deposition)
• VAD (Vapor Axial Deposition)
• OVD (Kunze kweVapor Deposition)
• PCVD (Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition)

Zvisinei nemhando yemaitiro anoshandiswa, zvakajairika pakati peizvi zvese kuti preform yekutambanudza maitiro kunoitwa.

Iko kunyorera kwe fiber optics kwakasiyana. Mukutaurirana, vakave imwe yenzira kana nzira dzekufambisa par kugona, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo bandwidth uye nekumhanyisa kumhanyisa iyo kwainogona kusvika, uye kuvimbika kana kuchengetedzeka kweruzivo rwunopihwa ino sisitimu. Mune sensors inobvumidza kuona mamiriro kana ma parameter senge: tembiricha, hunyoro, kumanikidza kwemhepo, uye kunyangwe masystem e sonar.

Zvakare, inoshandiswa kujekesa, senge inochinja endoscope inoshandisa fiber optics senzira yekutungamira mwenje kuitira kuvhenekera mitezo uye kukwanisa kuita kuvhiya kusinga pindike kana kwakanyatsojeka nenzira yakasununguka. Saizvozvo, zvekushongedza mhedzisiro senge miti yeKisimusi.

Izvo zvinokwanisika kushandura iwo mavara ayo anowoneka fiber fiber anoratidza kana kuratidza nekusiyanisa iwo wavelength kana frequency iyo inofamba kuburikidza nayo.

Mimwe yemabhenefiti akakosha e-fiber fiber uye mashandisiro ayo bandwidth yayo, iyo yekumhanyisa kumhanyisa iyo iyo data inogona kusvika, simba remagetsi remagetsi, kudzikiswa kwenzvimbo inorema uye huremu, uye chengetedzo yepamusoro yeruzivo.

Kunyangwe, kune rumwe rutivi, iri tekinoroji yepamberi, uye nekudaro inodhura, kuisirwa uye kugadzirisa kuri kuomarara kupfuura zvakajairika masisitimu, iwo akasimba zvakanyanya uye asingashiviriri tembiricha, hunyoro, kudedera uye kukwirisa.

Kune mhando mbiri dzeeptics zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweruzha kana nzira dzavanogona kutumira.

Multimode fibers ndeavo vanogona kutumira akasiyana wavelengths panguva imwe chete kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana, saka zita ravo. Zvichienzaniswa nesonglemode fibers, multimode fibers ine yakakosha musimboti uye iyo refractive indekisi pakati peiyo yekumusoro uye yekumonera kwakasiyana, asi zvishoma chete. Saka masaisai anofamba ari mukati memukati achirovera pamadziro eniyosi. Izvo zvinoshandiswa nzira pfupi dzenzira kana netiweki. Inowanzozivikanwa nekuti bhachi rekunze rinowanzoita orenji.

Imwe-modhi tambo ndeaya anongova neimwe nzira yekutapurirana uye musimboti wavo mudiki uchienzaniswa neakawanda-modhi tambo. Iyo nzira yekufambisa inowanzo kuve yepakati axis yepakati, nekuti inobhururuka pamakona makuru kwazvo. Ivo kazhinji vakasiyana nemultimode nekuti vanoshandisa yero jekete rekunze.

Zvino, maererano nemagadzirirwo ayo, kunewo maviri marudzi. Yakasununguka-yakarongedzwa faibha tambo ndiyo iyo mune iyo fiber optic tambo dzakasununguka zvakanyanya mukati memachubhu avanotungamirirwa nawo. Iyi chubhu inogona kuva isina mhango kana kuve neiyo hydrophobic zvinhu mukati, kuti ishande sedziviriro yeiyo fiber fiber kurwisa mwando.

Mukupesana, tambo dzakaomarara dzakaumbwa nekubatana kwetambo dzinoverengeka dzefiber optic idzo dzakavharwa nejasi nejasi. Idzi tambo dzakakomberedza chidimbu chepakati uye iyi yese seti inoteverwa inodzivirirwa neyekunze dura.

Mune yekutaurirana sisitimu inogadzirwa ne fiber optics pane zvimwe zvinhu izvo zvinodiwa kuti kufambisa kubudirire. Pakati pezvinhu izvi pane zvinofambisa zvakaita sema LED kana maLasers, magetsi ekushandura magetsi ane chekuita nekushandura masaini emagetsi kuita optical kuti atumirwe kuburikidza nefiber uye gare gare kushandura iwo maseru ekuona anogamuchirwa ave emagetsi zvekare.

Zvakare, kune iwo anowona matsimba ayo ari:

• PIN
• APD
• Nesilicon
• Germanium
• Zvimwe zvinhu

Iyo mhando yekukorobha inoenderana neanobatanidza ayo ari kumagumo eiyo fiber fiber, iwo anogona kuverengerwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwavo rwekupora.

• Plano
• PC (Panyama Kubata)
• SPC (SuperPC)
• CPU (UltraPC)
• Yakagadziridzwa UPC
• APC (Angled PC)

Iwo ekubatanidza ndizvo zvinhu zvinobvumidza iyo fiber fiber kuti ibatanidzwe nemidziyo yekupedzisira. Iwo maunganidziro ayo anowanzo shandiswa mu fiber optics, kunyanya kune enzvimbo netiweki netiweki ndeye ST, LC, FC uye SC zvinobatanidza.

Iyo fiber optic tambo inoumbwa neboka renhamba dzinoverengeka dzemagetsi kuburikidza nemasaini akasiyana anoonekwa. Yese fiber inogona kunge ichitumira yakawanda data kubva kwakasiyana masosi, saka iyo fiber optic tambo inogona kunge iri kutumira ruzivo kubva kune akasiyana masevhisi panguva imwe chete.

Tambo dzefibre optic ndiyo nzira inokwanisika yekutsiva tambo dzecoaxial muindastiri yekutaurirana uye neindasitiri yemagetsi. Kunyangwe tambo ine 8 yemagetsi tambo ichiri diki zvakanyanya kupfuura tambo dzakajairika. Tambo yefaera optic ine simba rekutumira ruzivo rwakaenzana neiya yakatumirwa netambo dzemhangura makumi matanhatu nematanhatu nemakumi mairi nemakumi maviri nenomwe, kana tambo ina dzekukwirisa dzemachubhu masere.

Zvakajairika kuti mukumhanya kwakakura kwazvo, anosvika anopfuura makiromita zana nemakumi matanhatu, zvinodikanwa kugadzira zvimedu pakati pefibisi, nekuti hapana tambo inopfuurira inohurefu uhu. Uye kunyangwe muchiitiko chekutyora, zvakakosha kuita mhando iyi yekugadzirisa.

Mechanical splice: urwu rudzi rwe splice runoita mhando yesleeve uko iyo tambo mbiri dzinounzwa uye chimishini twist inoitwa kujoina iwo maviri macores. Kurasikirwa kwakabatana neiyi splice nguva iri muhurongwa hwe0,5 dB.

Kutsemura nemaglue: mune ino glue yakasarudzika inoiswa iyo inobvumidza iwo mativi maviri efaibha kuti abatanidzwe uyejoini iyi inochengetedzwa neimwe mhando yekusimbisa kwekunze. Iyo ine kurasikirwa kwe0.2 dB, asi kazhinji haina kuvimbika zvakanyanya sezvo iyo glue inogona kuteedzera kubvarazve.

Fusion splicing: Iyo splicer inokwanisa kuona kana magumo aine chero inosvibisa mumiriri kana kana yakanaka polishing ichidikanwa, kana kana paine panofanirwa kuve nekuenderana kuri nani pakati peiyo tambo. Ipapo, inoenderera ichipisa chete iyo nzvimbo, ichinyungudutsa iyo fiber uye nokudaro ichibatanidza macores ayo. Kurasikirwa kweiyi splice ndeye 0.02 dB.

Basa rinozoitwa netambo yefaibha rinoona mamiriro aro. Nekudaro, kunyangwe kana ichigona kuiswa pamabasa akasiyana, tambo dzese dze fiber optic dzine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana, zvinova izvo zvekunamatira kwechipiri, tambo dzemukati, izvo zvinobatsira mukusimbisa nekuumbwa kwetambo, bhachi rinoronga zvese faibha tambo uye unyoro-insulating zvinhu.

Iko kune zvinhu zvinopa rutsigiro muchimiro uye nekusimbiswa kweiyo fiber optic tambo. Maumbirwo ezvinhu anoshanda seyepakati gwara renzira iyo iyo fiber fiber inofanira kutevera. Optical fiber inogona kugoverwa pamwe chete neichi chimiro kana kurukwa chakakomberedza. Kazhinji, izvi zvivakwa zvine migero kana maburi anoshanda seyezve gwara reiyo fiber fiber.

Izvo zvinhu zvekusimbisa zvinopa kumwe kusimbisa kune iyo fiber fiber tambo kuitira kuti izviparadzanise kubva kumatirosi emagetsi ayo aingaiswa uye, nekuwedzera, hapana chakakosha kukwirisa chingagone kubvarura makores.

Yese fiber optic tambo ine bhachi rinowanzo gadzirwa nepurasitiki. Iyi sheath ndiko kufukidza kwekunze kweiyo fiber optic tambo uye basa rayo ndere kupa dziviriro kune iyo yepakati kubva kune vekunze vamiririri, masimba uye zvinoitika, senge hunyoro, tembiricha, kudedera, pakati pevamwe.

Izwi rekuti kuderedzwa rinoreva kurasikirwa nemagetsi kunoitika mumutsetse wekutumira. Chikamu chayo chekuyera ndicho chinonzi decibel (dB). Mune fiber optics pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana nei nei kuderedzwa kuchiitika mune tambo. Kune maviri marudzi ekurasikirwa, ayo ari epamoyo kurasikirwa kana kurasikirwa uye kwekunze kurasikirwa.

Mukudzivirira kwekunze kune zvikonzero zvinoverengeka, zvinova izvi:

• Kubvisa kurasikirwa
• Kurasikirwa kwaRayleigh
• Kupararira
• Radiation kurasikirwa
• Kubatanidza kurasikirwa

CONCLUSIONS

Optical fiber tambo yekufambisa iyo yakabvumidza kumhanyisa kumhanya uye kugona mukutapurirana kwedata nhasi. Kunyangwe iri tekinoroji inofanirwa kuenda nenzira yakareba kuti ikwanise kutsiva masisitimu akajairwa, ichiri dzimwe nguva sarudzo yakanakisa yekutaurirana.

Nekudaro, fiber optics mhando inodhura yehunyanzvi kana ichienzaniswa neyakajairika masystem nekuti inoda michina uye maturusi maturusi ayo anowanzo kuve anodhura. Zvinodawo kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kuti ugone kushanda ne fiber optics. Uye zvakare, kuiswa kwayo kunowanzo kuve kwakaomesesa maitiro, uye kuvepo kwemabhuremu mune iyo fiber kunogona kuunza kurasikirwa kukuru kana ikasarapwa munguva. Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe michina ichiri kuda kugadziridzwa kuitira kuti tekinoroji nehurongwa zvinyatso kuona, nekuti semuenzaniso, hapasati paine ndangariro dzemaziso.

Zvakajairika kuti fiber optic network ive negadziriro yeparutivi senge mhete kana mhete mbiri, iyo inobvumidza kuti kana zviitiko izvi zvaitika ruzivo runogona kufamba kune imwe nzira, kuitira kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwebasa kwenguva yakareba nguva mamiriro acho akagadziriswa.

Fiber optic masisitimu akavimbika nekuti hazviite kutyora network pasina kuonekwa kana kusakanganisa kutapurirana kwedata. Ndokusaka zvakajairika kuona tambo dzemaziso dzakaiswa pasi pemvura pakati penyika dzakabatana, uko kwavanotumira ruzivo rwakavanzika uye rwakavanzika.

Chii chinosiyanisa fiber optics kubva kune mamwe midhiya muhuwandu hwe data uye kugona kutapurirana. Uye zvakare, iyo inovimbisa kushomeka kwekurasikirwa kweruzivo nekuda kwekuti iine kushomeka kuderera kwazvo muchinhu chayo chikuru, ichiita kuti zvive zvisina basa kuisa akawanda kudzoreredza uye ekuwedzeredza michina mukati meiyo system. Sezvo ruzivo rwunofamba nekumhanya kwechiedza, zvave zvichikwanisika kuona kutama kwakakura kwemakambani makuru kuenda kune iyi mhando yehunyanzvi.